What should athletes do to prevent hyponatremia while exercising in hot conditions?

The key to preventing hyponatremia, especially during exercise in hot conditions, lies in the balance of fluid and electrolyte intake. When athletes sweat, they not only lose water but also electrolytes, particularly sodium. Hyponatremia occurs when there is an imbalance in sodium levels in the body, typically due to excessive dilution of blood sodium from overhydration without sufficient electrolyte replacement.

By replenishing sodium and potassium during exercise, athletes can maintain the necessary fluid balance and support nerve function, muscle contraction, and hydration status. This is especially critical in hot environments where sweat loss is significant. Additionally, consuming a beverage that contains both sodium and potassium can help offset the loss from sweat, supporting the athlete's performance and recovery.

The other options do not effectively address the need to maintain electrolyte balance. Ignoring thirst signals can lead to inadequate hydration, while increasing fluid intake without electrolytes could further dilute sodium levels, exacerbating the risk of hyponatremia. Focusing solely on carbohydrates neglects the essential role of electrolytes, which may lead to imbalances that impact overall performance and health. Therefore, replenishing sodium and potassium is essential for athletes exercising in hot conditions.